Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong developmental condition that affects how a person communicates, interacts, and experiences the world.   

Autism is not an illness or a curse—it’s simply a different way of thinking, feeling, and understanding. Each person with autism is unique, which is why it’s called a “spectrum.”

With understanding, support, and acceptance, individuals with autism can thrive in school, work, and life.

Autism Is Not Caused By:

• Witchcraft or curses
• Bad parenting
• Vaccines
• Evil spirits

It is a natural brain difference that shows up early in life.

Key Signs of Autism

Communication and Social Differences

• Delayed speech or no speech at all
• Not responding to their name
• Little or no eye contact
• Struggles with conversation
• Prefers playing alone
• Doesn’t point or show interest in things

Repetitive Behaviors and Routines

• Repeats movements (like hand-flapping or rocking)
• Gets very upset if routines change
• Plays with toys the same way each time
• Focuses a lot on specific topics (e.g., cars, numbers)
• May repeat the same words or phrases (echolalia)

Sensory Sensitivities

• Overreacts to sounds, lights, or textures
• May not feel pain or cold like others
• Seeks certain sensations (e.g., spinning, deep pressure)

Emotional Responses

• May have meltdowns when overwhelmed
• Can struggle with expressing feelings
• Might seem unaware of danger or surroundings

When Do Signs Appear?

Most signs show up before age 3, but sometimes they become clearer as the child gets older. Autism can also be diagnosed in teens and adults.

Why Early Diagnosis Matters

The earlier a child receives support, the more they can learn and grow. Early intervention helps with:

• Speech and communication
• Social skills
• Learning and independence
• Reducing frustration and meltdowns

Every Child is Different

Some autistic individuals may need a lot of support, while others may live independently. There is no “one way” to be autistic.

What To Do If You Notice the Signs

If you’re concerned about your child’s development:

• Speak to a doctor or health worker
• Request a developmental assessment
• Contact the Raphaella Lewis Foundation—we’re here to help

Let’s Break the Stigma Together

Autism is not something to be ashamed of. With love, support, and education, autistic individuals can live full, beautiful lives.

Together, we can build a more inclusive and understanding Liberia.