Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Levels of Severity

Learn about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Levels of Severity. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is classified into three levels of severity based on the amount of support an individual needs in daily life. These levels are defined in the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition) and help guide interventions and support strategies.

🔹 Level 1: “Requiring Support” (Mild ASD)

Key Characteristics:

  • Difficulty with social interactions but can communicate verbally.
  • May struggle with back-and-forth conversations or reading social cues.
  • Rigid behaviors and difficulty adapting to changes in routine.
  • May have strong interests or repetitive behaviors but can function independently.

Support Needs:

  • Social skills training to improve interaction and communication.
  • Guidance in handling changes in routine or expectations.
  • Some accommodations in school or work environments.

Example: A person with Level 1 ASD may struggle with small talk and find social gatherings overwhelming but can work a job with minimal adjustments.

🔹 Level 2: “Requiring Substantial Support” (Moderate ASD)

Key Characteristics:

  • More pronounced social difficulties—may speak in limited phrases or struggle to hold conversations.
  • Noticeable repetitive behaviors and resistance to change that interfere with daily life.
  • Strong reliance on routines and difficulty coping with disruptions.
  • Sensory sensitivities may impact behavior (e.g., loud noises, textures, bright lights).

Support Needs:

  • Speech and language therapy for communication support.
  • Behavioral interventions to help with social skills and adapting to change.
  • Structured support in school, work, and home environments.

Example: A person with Level 2 ASD may be able to work or attend school with substantial accommodations, such as a structured routine and assistance with social interactions.

🔹 Level 3: “Requiring Very Substantial Support” (Severe ASD)

Key Characteristics:

  • Severe communication difficulties—may be nonverbal or use assistive communication devices.
  • Very limited social interactions, often engaging only with close caregivers.
  • Intense repetitive behaviors (e.g., rocking, hand-flapping, repetitive vocalizations).
  • Extreme difficulty coping with change, leading to distress or meltdowns.
  • Sensory sensitivities that significantly impact daily life.

Support Needs:

  • Full-time support for communication, daily activities, and emotional regulation.
  • Occupational therapy for sensory sensitivities and self-care skills.
  • Highly structured environments with individualized education and therapy plans.

Example: A person with Level 3 ASD may need one-on-one assistance for daily living tasks, use an augmentative communication device, and require a structured, low-stimulus environment to function best.

Why Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Levels of Severity is Important

  • These levels help guide treatment plans and support services.
  • They are not fixed—with the right interventions, an individual’s needs may change over time.
  • Every autistic person is unique—labels should be used for guidance, not limitations.

Regardless of the level, every autistic individual deserves understanding, support, and opportunities to thrive!